![]() ![]() Begun as a civil war within Muscogee factions, it enmeshed the Northern Muscogee bands as British allies in the War of 1812 against the United States, while the Southern Muscogee remained US allies. Internal divisions with the Lower Towns led to the Red Stick War (Creek War, 1813–1814). Influenced by Tenskwatawa's interpretations of the 1811 comet and the New Madrid earthquakes, the Upper Towns of the Muscogee, supported by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, actively resisted European-American encroachment. In the 19th century, the Muscogee were known as one of the " Five Civilized Tribes", because they were said to have integrated numerous cultural and technological practices of their more recent European American neighbors. The Muscogee were the first Native Americans officially considered by the early United States government to be "civilized" under George Washington's civilization plan. Early Spanish explorers encountered ancestors of the Muscogee in the mid-16th century. Precontact Muscogee societies shared agriculture, transcontinental trade, craft specialization, hunting, and religion. The Muscogee Creek are associated with multi-mound centers, such as the Ocmulgee, Etowah Indian Mounds, and Moundville sites. Muscogee confederated town networks were based on a 900-year-old history of complex and well-organized farming and town layouts around plazas, ballparks, and square ceremonial dance grounds. ![]() Between 8 CE, they built complex cities with earthwork mounds with surrounding networks of satellite towns and farmsteads. The ancestors of the Muscogee people were part of the Mississippian Ideological Interaction Sphere, also known as Mississippian cultures. The Yuchi people today are part of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, but their Yuchi language is a linguistic isolate, unrelated to any other language. These languages are mostly mutually intelligible. The respective languages of all of these modern-day branches, bands, and tribes, except one, are closely related variants called Muscogee, Mvskoke and Hitchiti-Mikasuki, all of which belong to the Eastern Muskogean branch of the Muscogean language family. These two tribes gained federal recognition in the 20th century and remain in Florida. Some of the Seminole, with the Miccosukee moved south into the Everglades, resisting removal. The great majority of Seminole were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory in the late 1830s, where their descendants later formed federally recognized tribes. Through ethnogenesis, the Seminole emerged with a separate identity from the rest of the Muscogee Creek Confederacy. Another Muscogee group moved into Florida between roughly 17, trying to evade European encroachment, and intermarried with local tribes to form the Seminole. A small group of the Muscogee Creek Confederacy remained in Alabama, and their descendants formed the federally recognized Poarch Band of Creek Indians. Most of the Muscogee people were forcibly removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) by the federal government in the 1830s during the Trail of Tears. Their historical homelands are in what now comprises southern Tennessee, much of Alabama, western Georgia and parts of northern Florida. The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek, and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy ( pronounced in the Muscogee language), are a group of related Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands in the United States of America. Yuchi, Muskogean peoples: Alabama, Koasati, Miccosukee, Yamasee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Coushatta, Mascogos, and Seminoles Protestantism, Four Mothers Society, and others United States (historically Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, and Tennessee now primarily Oklahoma and Alabama) 1820, Birmingham Museum of ArtĢ010: self-identified 88,332 alone and in combination ![]()
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